Robotics & AI Ethics

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the possible contribution of AI technology in the field of arms control and non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. This is to alleviate international security threats that have risen again since the post-Cold War and to promote international cooperation. For this purpose, we explore the potential of AI as a tool to provide trust-building and cooperation that is the basis of arms control. Method: This study first explores the basic concepts related to arms control and prevention of proliferation of military technology using the method of literature study. At this time, the scope of research is set as prior research related to AI and military technology. Next, using the method of research study, international issues related to arms control are investigated. In this case, the target of the investigation is the current status data reported through international organizations and press releases known through the media. Finally, using the methods of development research, we develop a model in which AI can intervene and play a role in arms control and prevention of proliferation. In this case, the model is designed to take into account the technical aspects of AI and the application of ethical content at the same time. Results: The use of AI in disarmament through bilateral and multilateral international cooperation is significant in that it explores the possibility of mutual cohesion between AI ethics and military ethics. Such AI can be utilized in the process of collecting and analyzing information provided in the form of big data at each stage of the trust-building model. And based on this, it is possible to secure the basis for policy decision-making in the process of making decisions related to arms control. Conclusion: In arms control and non-proliferation, AI functions as a tool to provide bilateral or multilateral trust and performs the following roles: First, information that is the basis for policy decision-making is collected and analyzed. Second, the basis for policy judgment is provided according to the analysis result of the collected and analyzed information. Third, it functions as a rational tool to justify decision-making and predict the future in the process of internal and external discussions that will continue in the future according to this judgment.

Purpose: This study aims to explore ethical implications by looking at some examples of what ethical issues the advent of AI poses to humans. Method: For this purpose, this study showed 7 cases on AI issues. Results: Case1 is a helper that performs a passive function. Case 2, Case 3, and Case 4 are events that take place in an uncanny valley. Case 5 and Case 6 show that AI plays the role of a major agent in the capitalist market in a new virtual or offline space. In this way, human-to-human, human-to-human AI, AI-to-AI can lead to complex and diverse ownership disputes. Finally, Case 7 is a case in which AI itself performs not only cognitive functions but also emotional functions based on information based on deep learning. Conclusion: AI can change the algorithm initially entered by a human by itself. This is a characteristic different from the civilizations that have arrived in the past. In the cognitive realm, AI has already surpassed humans. In other words, the cognitive singularity has already been occupied by AI. We need to prepare for the next step.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an English learning program using metaverse that can create a variety of educational environments in a virtual space in the post-COVID era. This study was conducted with culture and art as the content subject, and it was designed so that students could experience various types of metaverse technology and mixed reality to increase their participation in learning and the learning effect. It also introduces effective online learning tools that can be used in metaverse-based English learning programs. Method: Students improve their English skills by examining museums with Google Earth and Art&Culture and exploring exhibits and materials related to Korean cultural assets there, exploring Korean cultural assets and art galleries using VR and AR, and collecting related cultural and artistic materials. . In addition, through the process of creating and presenting materials based on the metaverse, interaction was promoted, so that the understanding of each country's culture and arts and English ability could be improved together. Results: The English learning program presented in this study consists of various tasks such as experiencing culture and art contents through AR and VR, collecting cultural and art-related materials, and producing presentation materials. Roughly speaking, in the introduction part, learning objectives and key expressions are introduced by using the functions of the metaverse platform ZEP and the online learning tool 'edpuzzle', and motivation is induced through videos. In the development stage, AR and VR-based apps such as ZEP, Google Earth, Art & Cul-ture, etc. are used to visit museums in Korea or British and American countries, research related culture and art, and collect data. Then, by specifying the topic for each group, use ZEP, Google Earth, etc. to produce materials that can be presented. After that, practical presentations using ZEP and feedback (instructors and colleagues) are provided. In the final organizing stage, there may be quiz solving using QuizN and sharing opinions about the class through online learning tools such as Jamboard and Padlet. Conclusion: In this program, ZEP, a metaverse platform capable of interactive communication such as various avatars, virtual theme spaces, images, and PDFs, was used to enable task execution and practical interaction. In addition, by using various online learning tools in a new environment and context, students will be able to develop self-directed learning skills, problem-solving skills, and digital literacy skills. Through this metaverse-based English learning program, learners will be able to experience various forms of cultural arts and realistic content, and furthermore, they will be able to participate in convergence cultural thinking expansion and future-oriented clas-ses.

Purpose: In this study, we investigate the characteristics of learners in the liberal arts coding class and study the relationship between learners’ characteristics and learning outcomes to find methods to enhance learning performance. Through this study, we intend to provide the basic data to be used by the schools and educators operating coding education in the real world to establish the teaching strategy for coding education according to the characteristics of the learners. Method: The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 23, as follows. The reliability of the measurement tools on self-efficacy, learning interest, learning motivation, digital literacy, and learning satisfaction were calculated and verified. Through a survey, data on self-efficacy, learning motivation, digital device efficacy, learning satisfaction, and academic achievement were collected and descriptive statistical analysis was performed to identify trends. We performed multiple regression analyses with self-efficacy, learning motivation, and digital device efficacy as independent variables, whereas learning satisfaction and academic achievement as dependent variables. Before the regression analysis, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed between self-efficacy, learning motivation, digital device efficacy, learning satisfaction, and academic achievement to confirm the significance of the relationship between the measurement variables. Results: The significance test results of the regression model showed that self-efficacy and digital device efficacy had a positive effect on learning satisfaction and learning motivation and digital device efficacy also had a positive effect on academic achievement. In other words, we evaluated that higher self-efficacy and digital device efficacy lead to higher learning satisfaction whereas higher learning motivation and digital device efficacy lead to higher academic achievement. Conclusion: Through this study, we confirmed that learners’ characteristics have a high influence on both learning satisfaction and academic achievement. In the future study, we plan to add multiple factors of learners’ characteristics that affect learning performance and studies on educators’ characteristics to obtain various and meaningful results.

Purpose: As artificial intelligence(AI) has currently used in many ways related to nurses, there is an ultimate need to consider the ethical values of AI in healthcare. Thus, the present study first investigates several types of AI-based technologies and robotics applied to nursing, such as supportive, cooperative, and collaborative robots. Moreover, several ethical guidelines and requirements for AI, ethical issues and concerns of AI, especially nursing ethical considerations, are explored based on the principles of biomedical ethics and the nursing code of ethics. Method: We searched for existing scientific literature using the keywords “AI or Robot or Nurses”, “AI or Robot and Ethics” in PubMed until March 2022. Next, we reviewed the articles related to ethical issues and considerations in AI-based technologies, especially in the field of healthcare. In addition, a web-based search about robotics in nursing was conducted to find out their specific roles. Results: The direction of ethical discussion of AI has changed from Roboethics, which emphasizes robot’s behavior and the responsibility of robots, to ethics for humans, such as developers and users. There are many ways AI is helping to overcome health care challenges, such as diagnosis, precision medicine, and prediction models. For the safety of human-robot interaction, ethics of caring need to be discussed in close proximity for nurses, patients, or both. Therefore, AI needs to consider patient safety first, do no harm and aggravate the patient’s condition, sufficiently provide to treat diseases and improve patients’ health conditions, and the service needs to be distributed equally without prejudice and discrimination regardless of medical problems. Conclusion: As AI has incredible potential to empower people and widely benefit current and future generations, AI ethics needs to be further discussed in a direction in harmony with the development of related industries. Nurses should understand AI applications and their implications for nursing research and practice to improve patient care and clinical outcome. In addition, careful ethical considerations and engagement with nurses in implementing and evaluating AI-based technologies in healthcare are critical to the best clinical decisions and developing reliable innovations.

Purpose: How the lexicons in Korean classical manuscript novels can be lexicon-historically utilized and how often they appears in the Korean classical manuscript novels. The lexicon vocabularies for ethics studies had get ready for the macro-structure, and headwords which complementary elements from micro-structure of texts, technique, sociolinguistic information. Dictionary Information was needed to short and clear, scientific, efficient, dimensional, systematic organization, it is the key to open the global possibility of lexicon studies. Method: That gathering in neologism 405 words, distinguished from 229 words related to covid-19. Comment corpus appeared to frequently were pneumonia, corona, variant of concern, booster shot, revenge spending, vaccination politics, quarantine politics. In order to discover an outstanding speaker, it is necessary to have nuanced understanding on a narrative field. The researcher’s questions and requests, the informer talks about the tale, linguistic aspects lexicon geographical map would displayed with political administrative units such as dialect language which show to with the division of administrative system. Results: We arrange to share information which gave to morphology, grammar, semantics interaction setting up that have unity in the process which the manuscript of contemporary Korean linguistics becomes a dictionary and the lexicographic significance of this Manuscript. Results show that comment data prove invaluable for lexicographic description of neologisms, although experts need to decide to what extent the politically incorrectness of commenters’ language may be used in dictionaries. Conclusion: Standard words what the map based on the lexical items showed idioms phrases that there were a lot of old forms from which originate with time to time. Yet, another evidences which focusing on the lexical distribution, their poor assets provided them to that this present has been studied text linguistics. Focused with the Dictionaries of Literature Term, This study was conducted to review the problems that compilers realized in the process of arranging and defining literary terms during the Japanese colonial period and attempted to resolve.